35. Section: 07.02, In SCID, antibodies are missing but T cells function normally. Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brian's case. This mutation affects the A-subunit, preventing it from interacting with any host protein. The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. False, False Pathogen A has an ID50 of 50 particles, pathogen B has an ID50 of 1,000 particles, and pathogen C has an ID50 of 1 106 particles. *Neutrophils and macrophages are the main cells involved in the inflammatory response. It acts as an opsonin i.e. 19. Section: 07.03, In antibody-mediated immunity where does the antigen first bind? Imagine that a mutation in the gene encoding the cholera toxin was made. 31. MTBE is used to be added to gasoline sold for vehicles, MTBE has been found in groundwater. active, passive 10. C Protozoa The relative risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens is great. C Fungus 36. promote pathogen spread through connective tissue. Brian goes to the hospital after not feeling well for a week. As a mountain erodes, sediment can accumulate in a nearby _____. interferon It is composed mostly of protein, has high toxicity, and is not heat stable. CINO2CINO_2CINO2 (NNN is the central atom), a harmful condition that is spread from one living thing to another. As a result, the patient developed bacterial endocarditis (an infection of the heart). He has a fever of 38 C (100.4 F) and complains of nausea and a constant migraine. Section: 07.02, Inflammation is normally a self-limiting process. "As a student, I am NOT required to receive the Hepatitis B vaccination prior to starting my clinical rotations. It is produced by immune cells to target pathogens. Nosocomial diseases are acquired from hospital settings. basophils <>
anything the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body What do "having the measles" and being vaccinated against the measles have in common? Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms in blood that may cause disease in humans. Kochs postulates are used to determine whether a particular microorganism is a pathogen. It does not grow in the absence of oxygen. (b) In terms of quantity of pathogen, in what way are these periods different? A healthcare worker not washing his/her hands. *When an injury is not serious, the inflammatory response is short-lived and the healing process will quickly return the affected area to the normal state. *Hay fever is a hypersensitivity. Infectious diseases can be spread by any of the following ways except: The following is not a defense mechanism for infectious disease: The organism that attaches itself to healthy cells is called a/an: The virus that causes __________ also causes itchy, red bumps. Needlesticks and other sharps-related injuries may expose workers to bloodborne pathogens. True The length of each rod is about the same: assume 55cm55 \mathrm{~cm}55cm. Answer- Excavata is a major supergroup of unicellular organisms . You have recently identified a new toxin. rheumatic fever B Virus False, True Section: 07.05, Which class of antibodies plays a role in activating the complement and clumping cells? Distinguish between the signs and symptoms of disease in Brians case. possess specific receptors. C Yeast infection Section: 07.04, The RhoGAM shot given to Rh negative mothers with an Rh positive fetus is an example of what type of immunity? 9. Myasthenia gravis The bacterium was found on hospital sinks. Which of the following applies to hyaluronidase? D Polio, Which pathogen cannot be cured with antibiotics? Myasthenia gravis develops when antibodies attach to and interfere with the function of neuromuscular junctions. Endotoxin is the lipid A component of the LPS of the gram-negative cell envelope. u|m_0 O0"Nff ~#e Universal response b. creating interferon. 16. Draw the symbol that represents the pathogen. delayed allergic They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. Undifferentiated B-cells remain as memory cells. False, False C Mumps in a household with smokers, which of the following health outcomes is most likely to occur, if a family was exposed to arsenic over a long period of time, which of the following health outcomes would be most likely, nervous system disorders and problems in brain development leading to low IQ. Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? Which type of disease is this? they only act internally. ten percent bleach used as a cleaning agent should be made fresh every the continous links in the chain of infection in order, source, means if transmission, and susceptible host. The new gorilla brought a virus that infects gorillas without causing disease, but is virulent to chimpanzees. I will be given an exposure plan by my clinical instructor/coordinator detailing what steps I should take if I am exposed to a potentially infectious source while at my clinical site. The glycoprotein adhesion gp120 on HIV must interact with __________ on some immune cells as the first step in the process of infecting the cell. B. at time of initial assignment and annually thereafter. 20. (a) In what way are both of these periods similar? The body will not be able to fight off the pathogen quickly, because it knows how to get into the body easier. *People with allergies produce ten times more IgE than those people without allergies. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. steroid eosinophils and basophils If the acupuncture needles are not sterile, pathogens could enter skin tissue or blood vessels, potentially initiating an infection. active 18. The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. Where does the lymphatic system empty into the cardiovascular system? a part of the membrane attack complex of the complement system AIDS and tuberculosis are not autoimmune disorders. Microorganisms that do not cause disease. If it were positive, the site of the test would become hardened and red. True They are both forms of neutral immunity. destroying their nucleic acids. In July 2015, a report1 was released indicating the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found on hospital sinks 10 years after the initial outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. helper T cell These cells provide two types of acquired immunity: 1. 21. degrade nucleic acid to promote spread of pathogen, degrade cell membranes to allow pathogens to escape phagosomes. Show explicitly that the difference between adjacent energy levels in an infinite square well becomes arbitrarily small compared with the energy of the upper level, in the limit of large quantum number nnn. inactivating their ribosomes. IgA antibodies prevent pathogens from attaching to epithelial cells in the digestive and respiratory tract. It promotes blood clotting. active Make sure that all rats in the study are healthy. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Definition. heat Exoenzymes are classified according to the macromolecule they target and exotoxins are classified based on their mechanism of action. Simple one-celled organisms that are the most powerful pathogens are what? Calculate the outside air temperature. Phospholipases are enzymes that do which of the following? A . hepatitis List the types of substances to which each of the following chromatographic methods is most applicable: the bacterium becoming most resistant to antibiotic treatments, such as penicillin, is known as what? Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause disease in humans. B. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us
[email protected] check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. They release histamine which causes blood vessels to become permeable. D. Giardia. antigen binds to BCR; B cell divides; B cell activated; plasma cells form (c) The number of pathogen particles began to decline/die off. Describe how molecular Koch's postulates could be used to test this hypothesis. a type of sking infection spread by direct skin-to-skin contact is what? epinephrine. The concentration of pathogen needed to kill 50% of an infected group of test animals is the __________. You also discover that it targets liver cells. 33 Which of the following protozoan supergroup - pathogen pairs is incorrect? Organisms that carry and pass on the pathogen without getting the disease, some types of escherichia coli are normal flora of the, the most important way to stop the spread of infection is through. 26. A person steps on a rusty nail and develops tetanus. It is an injection of serum that contains antibodies. causing them to burst. What is the intensity of this light? The tiniest and toughest pathogens are what? a vaccination. C white blood cells. tonsils and bone marrow, thymus and bone marrow Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. A) alveolar macrophage - lungs B) microglial cells - brain Which of the following is the most likely explanation? IgG for which type of hepatitis is there no vaccine available? OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Quiz 2: Statistics & Pathophysiology Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. the purpose of a protective environment for highly immunosuppressed patient is prevent transmission of infection to patient, Molecular and Cellular Radiation Biology: Cha, Radiation Protection Radiation Monitoring, Julie S Snyder, Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins. It is produced by a gram-negative bacterium. Pages 35 Ratings 100% (6) 6 out of 6 people found this document helpful; Access the complete course and earn ASCLS P.A.C.E.-approved continuing education credits by subscribing online. active, neutral 2. B. promote pathogen spread through connective tissue. *In active immunity the individual produces antibodies against particular pathogens and in passive immunity the individual is given specific antibodies against a pathogen. (a) Would the toxin be able to enter into the intestinal epithelial cell? An infection is an invasion by pathogens that reproduce, multiply, and cause disease. PCR period of illness = the time at which the signs and symptoms of disease are most obvious and severe. P. aeruginosa usually causes localized ear and eye infections but can cause pneumonia or septicemia in vulnerable individuals like newborn babies. D. fimbriae, 14. anaphylactic If all the words in a sentence are correct, write C after the sentence. They phagocytize any pathogenic bacteria that attempt to infect. - 12838571. alexis1713 alexis1713 06/18/2019 Health Middle School answered Which of the following is a nonspecific defense against pathogens? (c) What initiates the period of decline? a. *The Major Histocompatibility Complex antigens must match to avoid rejection of the transplant. TCR neutrophils and macrophages Candida can invade tissue by producing the exoenzymes __________ and __________. If clearly labeled, food and drink are permitted in areas where BBP exposures may occur. Learn more about OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens (online CE course) Which of the following is NOT classified as a bloodborne pathogen? Some have glycans on their surface which the immune system fails to recognize. "Even indirect contact with HBV, such as getting spilled blood on a small cut on your hand, is considered a significant sourse of occupational exposure. 100% (2 ratings) 8) e) Mannose-binding lectin because this protein plays a very crucial role in the activation of the complementation pathway called the lectin pathway. There is currently no vaccination available for Hepatitis B. B Measles All of the following diseases are primarily spread by animals or insects except? Can you place a MediaView in multiple Panes? Section: 07.03, Phil was exposed to parasitic worms on a recent field trip to the tropics. Which of the following is defined as a plant or animal so small it can only be seen with a microscope? rheumatoid arthritis helps other immune responses. Simgle-celled microscopic animals that realease enzymes or toxing that destroy cells are called what? The thymus cleanses the blood from the cardiovascular system of cellular debris and bacteria. eqR)BZZt[A B red blood cells. Period of decline = pathogen particles start to decline - slightly less than maximum pneumonia What does this evidence tell you about this chemical? C Fungi Describe the motion of air particles inside an inflated balloon. Which of the following viruses lives permanently in the cells and flares up periodically? - virulence by inducing host cells to self destruct Section: 07.04 A. a surface protein allowing the pathogen to bind to host cells B. a secondary host the pathogen can infect C. a surface protein the host immune system recognizes D. the ability to form a provirus A 10. P. aeruginosa usually causes localized ear and eye infections but can cause pneumonia or septicemia in vulnerable individuals like newborn babies. Bacterial toxins include endotoxin and exotoxins. Which of the following is not a vaccine recommended for college students? Bacteria in a biofilm are coated in EPS and, therefore, are not easily treated with antibiotics. Lymph capillaries drain directly into the right lymphatic duct. neutral, passive Explain three reasons why biofilm formers are more pathogenic. Which of the following is a common and serious foodborne pathogen? Diseases can either be noninfectious (due to genetics and environment) or infectious (due to pathogens). A Mononucleosis IgA They must then receive a copy of the evaluation within ___ days, The hepatitis B virus can last for up to seven days outside of the body. A Protozoans IgG all of the following may contribute to urinary tract infections except? Antigenic __________ is the result of reassortment of genes responsible for the production of influenza virus spike proteins between different virus particles while in the same host, whereas antigenic __________ is the result of point mutations in the spike proteins. q"]dg' ~2CqfR
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Which of the following pathogens undergoes antigenic variation to avoid immune defenses? Which of the following is not required as part of an organization's exposure control plan? Since fungal infections are of a certain type of microorganism, areas o fhte that can be infected include all but which of the following? They are both forms of active immunity. Which of the following choices lists the steps of pathogenesis in the correct order? What is the minimum number of mirrors needed for this task? (a) In what way are both of these periods similar? B. Cryptococcus False, False Therefore, it causes breaks in the skin that could serve as a portal of entry for pathogens. Which of the following would be a sign of an infection? malaria, AIDS You also discover that it targets liver cells. Does the Earth really go around the Sun? You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Proper and regular hand washing is the key to the prevention of the spread of nosocomial infections, "According to the 2011 Tork Report, you come in contact with 300 surfaces every 30 minutes exposing you to ___________ germs! rheumatic fever Which of the following is not a bacteria disease? epinephrine Definition. pathogens are one of the major sources of environmental risks. Section: 07.05, Which of the following is not an autoimmune disease? Tuberculosis, rheumatic fever The larval form of Schistosoma mansoni uses a __________ to help it gain entry through intact skin. a. an aerotolerant anaerobe b. an obligate aerobe c. an obligate anaerobe d. a facultative anaerobe View Text Answer Jump To Question *Rheumatic fever is associated with an inflammatory response that can damage the heart muscle and valves. a. pathogens Any substance that the white blood cells recognize as foreign is known as what? D Protozoa, Which two diseases can be life threatening? IgE, IgM Which of the following is a major virulence factor for the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus? Which of the following does NOT fit into the category of other potentially infectious materials? a set of barrier mechanisms that adapts to specific pathogens after repeated exposure. mycoses. A Mononucleosis In this case, the person has acquired a(n) __________ disease. D Bacteria, What is the common cold's pathogen. They are not as easily treated compared with those involving free-floating (or planktonic) bacteria. The bacterium is probably which of the following? endobj
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Section: 07.05, Which autoimmune disease is associated with an inflammatory response that can damage the heart muscle and valves? True Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following molecules: If the lymph system did not do its job, what would be one of the consequences? passive, neutral *The correct order is: antigen binds to BCR; B cell activated; B cell divides; plasma cells form. The Shiga and diphtheria toxins target __________ in host cells. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he A. wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables. Which of the following individuals introduced the terms "aerobes" and "anaerobes"? -An employee who is exposed to a pathogen during the course of regular work duties. endobj
Section: 07.04. Infect healthy rats with the pathogen (i.e., the wild-type strain) and observe signs of disease (phenotype).Identify the gene that is responsible for the production of the fimbriae. Based on these characteristics, how would you classify this toxin? D antibodies. they are lost as we age. in putting on ppe, the first article to put on is the which of the following is not OSHA standard? All of the following are effective strategies for preventing the common cold, except? Explain how helminths evade the immune system. Explain how the current discovery of the presence of this reported P. aeruginosa could lead to a recurrence of nosocomial disease. Section: 07.02, The membrane attack complex of the complement system is not effective against viruses. A 150 g copper bowl contains 220 g of water, both at 20.0^\circC. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with chronically inflamed joints. the chemical forms a gas that is inhaled and travels deep into the lungs, Viruses regularly move between animals and humans in mayor but dangerous cases a brothers may undergo a genetic change that increases its risk of causing serious disease in human populations of the following changes in human animal interactions could reasonably be expected to increase the risk of human harm due to virus exposure, Humans now raise large number of animals for food, A medical facility stores material that produce out for radiation these materials are located in room surrounded by thin wooden walls what are the specific rest to a worker walking just outside the room, tobacco smoke is a teratogen. D Yeast infections, What pathogen causes diseases that are often spread through contaminated water? Ability to be transported initially to the host 2. C Viruses All of the following are major forms of disease transmission except? 22. Eukaryotes Phagocytes are both mobile and found in fixed locations throughout the body. acid pH of stomach plasma cell eosinophils A difference between an acute disease and chronic disease is that chronic diseases have an extended period of __________.