reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. The federal system adopted in 1954 comprised a national government and three regional governments: Eastern, Northern, and Western. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. 4 Topics . The states were later increased to 30 states. Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Despite that, instead of unity, cooperation and consensus, there has been apparent division, disagreement, and dissension. V(B8eDK@sx AK hG~ u;6DV,pwP# _ O4C sR 8_yC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Promoters of the idea were of the view that the THE THEME OF IMAGERY AND SYMBOLISM IN THE IPOB SECESSIONIST STRUGGLE, Abdul's Assignment on 711 Dr. Usman Mohammed, A nation divided against itself: Biafra and the conflicting online protest discourses, Ethnicity, Political Exclusion and the Resurgence of Separatism in South-Eastern, Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, THE EFFECT OF CRIMINAL INJUSTICE AGAINST EASTERN NIGERIA AND THE DEMAND FOR SELF-DETERMINATION BY IPOB. Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. Adobe d C This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. Generally speaking, one of the reasons for federalism is common historical or ancestral background. This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. Historical experience 3.2 2. Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's The second theory focuses on the existence of external military or diplomatic threat for the origin of federalism. Payment Details. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. We can offhandedly list all of the reasons for the adoption of federal system in Nigeria. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. /Type /XObject +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ /F1 6 0 R The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. Even the masses in the rural areas of the country are allowed to participate in politics by electing their representatives into office. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. 7. It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. /Contents 4 0 R For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. To know more about various aspects of federalism in Nigeria ,you may read from . In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. Also read: Highest paying law firms in Nigeria. 2. In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. Over the years the fiscal federalism in Nigeria has crystallised and remained . 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ stream The governmental powers are shared between the federal government and the thirty-six state governments. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. After nearly three decades of cumulative military rule, the country returned to civilian governance in 1999 under a presidential system of government. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? As a result, issues relating to marginalization, economic imbalance, social alienation, ethnic suspicion and superior-subordination contestation are recurring malaises in the system. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. /F4 15 0 R Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. 6 0 obj It submits that the problem with constitutionalism in Nigeria is poor leadership and poor implementation of the Constitution. Is there high propensity or likelihood of exclusion, marginalization and relative deprivation, which was to engender obsessive mutual antagonism? If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. The states' territories were formed around ethnic groups with common interest and close ties, culture, and dialects. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. Your email address will not be published. Unfortunately, to suit their interests and political agenda, the federal and state governments over time immemorial have maintained great level of . Excellent, thanks a lot f As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. 3 0 obj The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is publishing this proposed rule to revise HUD's regulations for branch office registration requirements. . It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). This embodies ideas of promise, obligation, and undertaking; and consequently, the federal idea draws on collaboration, reciprocity, and mutuality. /Length 3884 Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation The benefits of federalism are that it can encourage political participation, give states an incentive to engage in policy innovation, and accommodate diverse viewpoints across the country. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. And even now we can see the population of Nigeria compared to other countries in Africa. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. /Filter /FlateDecode Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. This was a period when long efforts were made to identify the legal relationships between the Leagues and the City States (Mogi, 1931:21). FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. In a Unitary system, the minority states cannot govern the entire region which is controlled by majority. Meaningful studies, especially the comparative study of Vile, have significantly shown that emerging challenges of conflict, cooperation and competition amongst levels of government in classical federalist states such as U.S., Canada and Australia, are important rationales for federating as well as the hallmarks of federal government (Vile, cited in Jinadu, 1979). The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. Federalism is a defined or is said to be the system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere coordinate and are independent. However, that is not so in a federal government system. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. by the federal or any state government. Also, Read: Local Government In Nigeria : Definition, Functions, And Importance. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. There are three major tribes in Nigeria namely Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. Evidently, Nigeria's political culture. Constitutionalism in Nigeria has been crisis-ridden since independence in 1960. Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, The politics and problem of fiscal federalism and revenue allocation formula in Nigeria: Who should get what, how, when and why, Resource Control: a Necessary Element for True Federalism in Nigeria, THE IMPACT OF STATE JOINT LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCOUNT ON STATE LOCAL RELATIONS IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA, MEMORANDUM ON TRUE FEDERALISM SUBMITTED BY THE 'RESTRUCTURE NIGERIA' COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO THE APC COMMITTEE CALL ON TRUE FEDERALISM, THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES The Legal Framework for the Corporate Existence of Nigeria, Intricacies and paradoxes federalism and secessionism in Nigeria.pdf, Civic Education Curriculum Implementation, NIGERIAN FEDERALISM AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT: PURSUIT, PROSPECTS AND IMPEDIMENTS TO UNITY AND NATION BUILDING, Constitutions Making, Amendments, Reviews and Nigerias Political Development: The Plural nature of Nigeria: Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. /F7 24 0 R Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. The Attorney General sought to know whether the 13% sharing formula of the oil producing states should include revenue from oil producing states should include revenue from oil production activities off shore. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. Resource control: 3.7 7. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. In his judgment, Ogundare JSC agreed that the provisions to Sections 162(2) of the constitution re-stabilized the principle of derivation. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Full History of Nigerian Federalism. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. /BitsPerComponent 8 2023, Bscholarly LLC. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. s" ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . Common national, racial, religious, cultural linguistic or social ties have often contributed to the unification of political unit. Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. The 1951 constitution gave more strength to regionalism with the creation of two chamber legislation in the northern and western Nigeria. In Nigeria, there are different and distinct ethnic groups brought together by colonization. Federalism as a system of government has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. Pls visit us again dear reader. It allows for popular participation in politics at every level of government. In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. Government at different periods had set up commissions to advise on the acceptable revenue sharing formula, especially as it affects the three (3) tiers of government. 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Covenant University Journal of Politics and International Affairs, African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Research, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, Institutional Engineering and the Survival of Nigerian Federalism, " Managing a Plural Society : the Boomerang Effects of Nigerian Federalism' Journal of Commonwealth and Comparative Politics , 27, 1-2 (July 1989), 218-245, An Historical Interrogation of Federalism berlin, THE PRACTICE OF TRUE FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, "The dawn of constitutionalism in Nigeria in Mbondenyi, M. K., and Ojienda T. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. /Resources << That notwithstanding, The origin and concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government.