The stars represent the seven seceded states of the U.S. The only change was a substitution of a red bar for one-half of the white field of the former flag, composing the flag's outer end. Although this design was never a national flag, it is the most commonly recognized symbol of the Confederacy. One such 12-star flag resides in the collection of Richmond's Museum of the Confederacy and the other is in the Confederate Memorial Hall Museum in New Orleans. [ 1] The Stars and Bars flag was adopted March 4, 1861 in Montgomery, Alabama and raised over the dome of . / Forwarded to Montgomery, Ala. Feb 12, 1861, / Adopted by the Provisional Congress March 4, 1861". One Congressman even mocked it as looking "like a pair of Suspenders". The first official flag of the Confederacy, called the " Stars and Bars ," was flown from March 5, 1861, to May 26, 1863. The Dixiecrats adoption of the Confederate battle flag as a party symbol led to a surge in the banners popularity, and a flag fad spread from college campuses to Korean War battlefields and beyond. It was distinct from the Unions flag. The ensign of the Confederate States Revenue Service, designed by Dr. H. P. Capers of South Carolina on April 10, 1861. The identification stuck, and the flags use proliferated. President Jefferson Davis arrived by train at Fairfax Station soon after and was shown the design for the new battle flag at the Ratcliffe House. [47], The Second Confederate Navy Jack was a rectangular cousin of the Confederate Army's battle flag and was in use from 1863 until 1865. Van Dorn was relieved of command after the Battle of Corinth in 1862. E arly in the war, most regiments carried the Confederate First National flag (the "Stars and Bars") or their state's flag since the Confederacy did not have an official battle flag. President Jefferson Davis' inauguration took place under the 1861 state flag of Alabama, and the celebratory parade was led by a unit carrying the 1861 state flag of Georgia. Segregation and oppressiveJim Crow laws soon disenfranchised Black Southernersand members of the Ku Klux Klan terrorized them. (Miles had originally planned to use a blue St. George's Cross like that of the South Carolina Sovereignty Flag, but was dissuaded from doing so.) A flag with a blue field and a single white star was used by the Louisiana Florida Parishes when they formed the Republic of West Florida in 1810. [18] The "Stars and Bars" was also criticized on ideological grounds for its resemblance to the U.S. flag. Can we bring a species back from the brink?, Video Story, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. The diagonal cross was preferable, he wrote, because "it avoided the religious objection about the cross (from the Jews and many Protestant sects), because it did not stand out so conspicuously as if the cross had been placed upright thus." The roughly 5,000-year-old human remains were found in graves from the Yamnaya culture, and the discovery may partially explain their rapid expansion throughout Europe. A Confederate battle flag distinct from the flag of the Confederacy, the "Stars and Bars," was created following the first major battle of the Civil War, at Bull Run near Manassas, Virginia, in July 1861, because in the heat of battle soldiers and commanders confused the Stars and Bars with the Union army's "Stars and Stripes." The Bonnie Blue Flag is on the right. The Confederacy adopted a total of three national flags before its collapse in 1865. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. All rights reserved. Marschall also designed the Confederate army uniform. Beauregard and Joseph Johnston urged that a new Confederate flag be designed for battle. Miles described his rejected national flag design to Beauregard. Available for both RF and RM licensing. STARS AND BARS Images of 12 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. This bunting was placed in the hands of Richmond military goods dealer, George Ruskell. "Southern Confederacy" (Atlanta, Georgia), 5 Feb 1865, pg 2. Isnt a battle flag supposed to be square? But as secession got underway, the Confederate States of America. It resembles the Yankee flag, and that is enough to make it unutterably detestable." While others were wildly different, many of which were very complex and extravagant, these were largely discounted due to the being too complicated and expensive to produce. Although the officially specified proportions were 1:2, many of the flags that actually ended up being produced used a 1.5:1 aspect ratio. The red Saint Georges cross is symbolic of the Episcopal church of which Gen. Polk was Bishop of Louisiana. In the wake of the 2017 Charlottesville white supremacist rally, demand for the banner surged across the country. [48], The "Bonnie Blue Flag"an unofficial flag in 1861, The "Van Dorn battle flag" used in the Western theaters of operation, Flag of the Army of Northern Virginia or "Robert E. Lee Headquarters Flag", 7-star First national flag of the Confederate States Marine Corps, Flag of the 1st Cherokee Mounted Rifles, under General Stand Watie, The first battle flag of the Perote Guards (Company D, 1st Regiment Alabama Infantry). The Southern Cross still has plenty of supporters who insist their love of the flag is about heritage, not hate. In a 2019 survey of nearly 35,000 U.S. adults, polling firm YouGovfound that although a plurality of Americans (41 percent) think the flag symbolizes racism, 34 percent think it symbolizes heritage. [19] As early as April 1861, a month after the flag's adoption, some were already criticizing the flag, calling it a "servile imitation" and a "detested parody" of the U.S. FIRST NATIONAL FLAGS FOR THE CONFEDERATE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. Amid the smoke and general chaos of battle, it was hard to distinguish the Confederate national flag, the "Stars and Bars," from the U. S. national flag, the "Stars and Stripes." Confederate Congressman William Porcher Miles suggested that the army have a . It houses the second largest collection of Confederate Civil War items in the world. The first national flag of the Confederacy was the Stars and Bars (left) in 1861, but it caused confusion on the battlefield and rancour off it "Everybody wants a new Confederate flag,". [11], Initial reaction to the second national flag was favorable, but over time it became criticized for being "too white." It was sometimes called "Beauregard's flag" or "the Virginia battle flag". View. [3] In January 1862, George William Bagby, writing for the Southern Literary Messenger, wrote that many Confederates disliked the flag. 1st National Confederate Flag for Car - Stars and Bars Double Sided Car Flag $ 24.95 First National Confederate Flag - 7 Star Stars and Bars Cotton 3 x 5 ft. $ 59.95 Confederate 1st National 13 Stars & Bars - License Plate $ 19.95 First National 11 Stars Flag Nylon Embroidered 3 x 5 ft. $ 49.95 Most contemporary interpretations of the white area on the flag hold that it represented the purity of the secessionist cause. Heres the technology that helped scientists find itand what it may have been used for. Though inextricably linked with the Confederacy, the flag was never its official symbol. The third national flag of the Confederate States of America. 1st National Confederate Flag 7 Star Stars and Bars Confederate Cotton Flag 5 x 8 ft. $ 149.95. STARS AND BARS Images of 8, 9 and 10 Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. How Long After the Battle of First Manassas did the various battle flags replace the Stars and Bars or did they ever entirely replace it? This caused major problems at the July 1861 Battle of First Manassas and during other skirmishes as some troops mistakenly fired on their own comrades. The flags were known as the "Stars and Bars&qu. Consequently, considerable . So Gen. Pierre G. T. Beauregard decided that he needed to design a different national flag so that it would . The "Stars and Bars" caused much confusion on the battlefield because of its similarity to the United States flag, the "Stars and Stripes." The Confederate Army never had an official battle flag. A mans world? -"Letter from Richmond" by the Richmond correspondent of the, Journal of the Confederate Congress, Volume 6, p.477, John D. Wright, The Language of the Civil War, p.284, Healy, Donald T.; Orenski, Peter J. After the battle, General P. G. T. Beauregard wrote that he was "resolved then to have [our flag] changed if possible, or to adopt for my command a 'Battle flag', which would be Entirely different from any State or Federal flag". But the battle flag has since been claimed by white supremacists and mythologized by others as an emblem of a rebellious Southern heritage. This Stars & Bars flag, also known as the First Confederate, is fully printed and has 2 brass grommets on the left used for hanging. As the crowd of President Trumps supporters rioted, many hoisted the symbol of a short-lived splinter nation that tore the Union apart. READ MORE More than double that number (12), however, bore eleven stars, with all but two arranged in a circle that included all eleven stars. Copy link. Sign In . The winner of the competition was Nicola Marschall's "Stars and Bars" flag. [47], The First Confederate Navy Jack, 18611863, The First Confederate Navy Ensign, 18611863, The Second Confederate Navy Jack, 18631865, The Second Confederate Navy Ensign, 18631865, The Second Navy Ensign of the ironclad CSS Atlanta, The 9-star First Naval Ensign of the paddle steamer CSS Curlew, The 11-star Ensign of the Confederate Privateer Jefferson Davis, A 12-star First Confederate Navy Ensign of the gunboat CSS Ellis, 18611862, The Command flag of Captain William F. Lynch, flown as ensign of his flagship, CSS Seabird, 1862, Pennant of Admiral Franklin Buchanan, CSSTennessee, at Battle of Mobile Bay, August 5, 1864, Digital recreation of Admiral Buchanan's pennant, Admiral's Rank flag of Franklin Buchanan, flown from CSS Virginia during the first day of the Battle of Hampton Roads and also flown from the CSS Tennessee during the Battle of Mobile Bay, Confederate naval flag, captured when General William Sherman took Savannah, Georgia, 1864, The first national flag, also known as the Stars and Bars (see above), served from 1861 to 1863 as the Confederate Navy's first battle ensign. Realizing that they quickly needed a national banner to represent their sovereignty, the Provisional Congress of the Confederate States set up the Committee on Flag and Seal. The final version of the second national flag, adopted May 1, 1863, did just this: it set the St. Andrew's Cross of stars in the Union Jack with the rest of the civilian banner entirely white. Three of the flags from Alabama units bore a circle of seven stars. These two designs were lost, and we only know of them thanks to an 1872 letter sent by William Porcher Miles to P. G. T. Beauregard. Ships chandlers, Henry Vaughan in Mobile, Alabama and Hugh Vincent in Charleston, South Carolina, accepted orders to manufacture Confederate 1st national flags of these sizes. But though it was extremely popular, this new battle flag which eventually became known as the Southern Crosswasnt adopted as the Confederacys official military or government symbol. The Confederate flag had three bars, red, white, red and a blue field with stars on it. Within the blue saltire were seven white stars, representing the current seven states of the Confederacy, two on each of the left arms, one of each of the right arms, and one in the middle. It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as the Stars and Bars, the name of the first national Confederate flag. national flag consisting of white stars (50 since July 4, 1960) on a blue canton with a field of 13 alternating stripes, 7 red and 6 white. STARS AND BARS Images of Lone Star versions of the first Confederate national flag. For use of Confederate symbols in modern society and popular culture, see, Flags of the Confederate States of America. [13] The Columbia-based Daily South Carolinian observed that it was essentially a battle flag upon a flag of truce and might send a mixed message. However, Miles' flag was not well received by the rest of the Congress. In the early months of the War, the Confederate War Department relied exclusively on the patriotic effusion of the ladies of the South for the unit colors of the units that assembled in Richmond during the Spring and Summer of 1861. These skeletons may have the answer, Scientists are making advancements in birth controlfor men, Blood cleaning? William Miles delivered a speech supporting the simple white design that was eventually approved. Email. This is the actual Stars & Bars, first official flag of the Confederate States of America, specifically the 13-star version which flew from 1861 to 1863: Confederate Stars & Bars ( public domain) First National Confederate States of America Flag - Cotton. Besides, many military units had their own regimental flags they would carry into battle. All rights reserved. The flag was adopted by the permanent congress on May 1, 1863. No seven star Confederate flags survive from these states. The distance between the stars decreased as the number of states increased, reaching thirteen when the secessionist factions of Kentucky and Missouri joined in late 1861. Unauthorized use is prohibited. The red space above and below to be the same width as the white. Over the course of the flag's use by the CSA, additional stars were added to the canton, eventually bringing the total number to thirteen-a reflection of the Confederacy's claims of having admitted the border states of Kentucky and Missouri, where slavery was still widely practiced.
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